腹腔镜肝切除治疗58例肝内胆管细胞癌的临床探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)的安全性及可行性。方法采用回顾性研究方法。收集2016年1月—2018年12月湖南师范大学附属第一医院行腹腔镜肝切除治疗的58例ICC患者的临床资料。其中男性34例,女性24例;年龄34~71岁,中位年龄54岁。观察指标:(1)手术治疗情况:手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、术中肝门阻断时间、中转率、术后并发症、术后住院时间、术后胃肠道恢复时间、围手术期有无死亡病例及非计划手术病例。(2)术后病理情况。(3)随访。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,了解患者术后生存情况。随访时间截至2019年6月。正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,计数资料用频数和百分比(%)表示。结果本研究共纳入58例患者,其中48例患者在腹腔镜下完成ICC根治性外科切除手术,10例患者行腹腔镜中转开腹。(1)手术治疗情况:手术方式有腹腔镜下左半肝(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ段)切除,腹腔镜下右半肝(Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ段)切除,腹腔镜下右肝后叶(Ⅵ、Ⅶ段)切除,腹腔镜下扩大右后叶切除,腹腔镜下肝中叶(Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ段)切除,腹腔镜下Ⅴ、Ⅵ段切除,腹腔镜下左半肝(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ段)联合肝尾叶(Ⅰ、Ⅸ段)切除,腹腔镜扩大左半肝切除,腹腔镜下Ⅵ段切除,腹腔镜下Ⅶ、Ⅷ段切除,腹腔镜左肝外叶(Ⅱ、Ⅲ段)切除,腹腔镜右肝肿块切除;手术时间(320.38±107.68)min;术中出血量(262.34±76.06)mL;术中输血率为0(0/58);术中肝门阻断时间(48±15)min;其中10例腹腔镜中转开腹手术,中转率17.2%(10/58);术后胆瘘发生率为6.9%(4/58),保守治疗、通畅引流(T管负压吸引)后痊愈出院;无其他严重并发症发生。术后住院时间(9.34±3.39)d;术后胃肠道恢复时间(1.84±0.57)d;围手术期内无死亡病例及非计划手术病例。(2)病理情况:术中32例行淋巴结清扫,术后26例病理结果提示胆管细胞癌未行淋巴结清扫;病理学检查结果显示,所有肿瘤切缘的病理报告均为阴性,4例淋巴结清扫并提示淋巴结转移阳性。(3)随访结果:58例ICC患者中,49例获得术后随访,随访时间为6~36个月,术后肿瘤生存时间为4~36个月,28例获得无瘤生存,17例患者出现肝内转移并多发淋巴结转移,4例患者发现肝内转移后行微波消融治疗,9例患者失访。结论腹腔镜肝切除经验丰富的中心,应用腹腔镜治疗肝内胆管细胞癌是安全及可行的。     

Novel strategy in the treatment of liver metastases – Hepatic resection combined with stereotactic body radiotherapy

BackgroundTo evaluate the safety, feasibility and outcomes of patients treated for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) with an innovative combined approach – hepatic resection and Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using CyberKnife® system.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single institution. Patients with CLM and no evidence of extrahepatic disease were included during a 6-year study period.ResultsIn total, 19 patients with 63 liver lesions underwent liver resection combined with SBRT of unresectable lesions. Major hepatectomy was performed in 42.1% patients; postoperative complications were noted in 31.6% patients. 27 unresectable lesions were treated by SBRT with a total dose of 50–60 Gy in five fractions.The median follow-up of study patients was 29.7 ± 20.58 months. Local control of CLM at 1 and 2 years was achieved in 89.5% of patients. Out-of-field hepatic recurrence was diagnosed in 63.1% patients. The 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 52.6%; 2-year DFS was 31.6%. The overall actuarial survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 88.2% and 50.4%.ConclusionLiver resection combined with SBRT presents a promising therapeutic option for patients with CLM which traditionally are unresectable. The additional use of SBRT allows for the effective clearance of the disease for thoroughly selected patients.     

Tailored therapy: Surgical and radiosurgical treatment for two distinct myxopapillary ependymomas in the same patient. A case report

Myxopapillary ependymomas are low grade neoplasms, which originate mostly from the medullary conus, cauda equina and the filum terminale. To date the principal treatment is surgical, total- or subtotal removal (GTR or STR), which can be associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. We report a patient with two tumor locations, one larger tumor at the L3 to S1 level and a smaller S2-S3 localized lesion. The patient was treated successfully with a combined approach of GTR of L3-S1 lesion and radiosurgical treatment of S2-S3 lesion.     

Intracranial chordoid glioma: A clinical,radiological and pathological study of 14 cases

BackgroundChordoid gliomas (CGs) are rare neuroepithelial tumors, which commonly arise from the anterior part of the third ventricle. Most studies on CGs included only one or two cases. To better understand the disease, we report 14 patients with pathologically confirmed CGs.MethodThe clinical characteristics, including radiological and histological examination, operative records, and prognoses were analyzed and reviewed.ResultThe case series included six male and eight female patients with an average age of 44.4 years. The most common preoperative symptom was headache (64.3%) and visual deterioration (57.1%). Radiological results showed that the third ventricle (12/14) was the most common site of the brain involved, and the lesions presented with solid (n = 9, 64.3%) or cystic-solid (n = 5, 35.7%) appearance. All patients were misdiagnosed as non-CG tumors. The operation approach was mainly determined by tumor location, thus trans-callosal approach (9/14) and trans-laminar terminalis approach were commonly used. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in all cases and none of them received any adjuvant therapy postoperatively. The most frequent postoperative complications were diabetes insipidus, electrolyte disturbance, hypopituitarism, cognitive dysfunction, and obstructive hydrocephalus. During an average follow-up period of 40.1 months, 2 cases (14.3%) were died of refractory hypopituitarism and pulmonary embolism, respectively. The preoperative symptoms and postoperative complications were all significantly improved in other 12 patients, and MRI showed no tumor recurrence.ConclusionAccording to our experience, we recommend GTR as the primary goal, which is associated with improved rates of tumor control and without increasing rates of postoperative complications.     

Homemade Glove Retrieval Bag in Laparoscopic Complete Excision of Benign Ovarian Teratoma with Ovarian Tissue Preservation in Children: A Case Series

Study ObjectiveTo present our experience of laparoscopic resection of pediatric benign ovarian teratomas with gonadal preservation, using a homemade glove retrieval bag.Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome MeasuresReview of all girls with benign ovarian teratomas who were managed with laparoscopic ovarian-sparing surgery (OSS) at our hospital between January 2013 and December 2018.ResultsEleven patients were included for analysis with a mean age of 6.1 years. Ten patients received elective surgery, whereas 1 patient received emergency surgery because of ovarian torsion. Main indication for OSS was the existence of a dissection plane between tumor margins and healthy ovarian tissue. Postoperative outcome and follow-up were uneventful with a median follow-up of 30.1 months (range; 12-60 months).ConclusionLaparoscopic OSS can be safely performed for these tumors. Laparoscopic magnification with energy devices are excellent tools in such procedures. The homemade glove bag can be used to retrieve the tumor effectively in countries with limited resources.     

LCR、PVI与IVCrvi目标导向液体治疗对单肺通气老年全腔镜食管癌根治术患者血流动力学的影响

目的分析乳酸清除率(LCR)、脉搏变异指数(PVI)与下腔静脉内径呼吸变异指数(IVCrvi)液体治疗对单肺通气老年全腔镜食管癌根治术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将拟行单肺通气全腔镜食管癌根治术的106例老年食管癌患者随机均分为对照组和观察组。对照组术中给予常规液体治疗,观察组术中给予以LCR、PVI与IVCrvi为目标导向的液体治疗。比较两组术前(T0)、单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气15 min(T2)、单肺通气1 h(T3)及单肺通气结束时(T4)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、每搏输出量变异度(SVV)和心脏指数(CI)。比较两组液体出入量及药物应用情况。同时记录术前和术后肺功能参数。结果两组各时间点HR比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组T2~T4时间点MAP、CI和SVV、LCR高于对照组,CVP、PVI、IVCrvi低于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组单肺通气时间、晶体液用量、总输液量、尿量、出血量及使用去氧肾上腺素占比低于对照组,胶体液用量高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组术后第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论以LCR、PVI与IVCrvi为目标导向的液体治疗可稳定单肺通气老年患者全腔镜食管癌根治术患者的血流动力学。     

经尿道前列腺切除术后尿路感染的危险因素及病原菌分布

 目的 探讨经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）后尿路感染的危险因素及病原菌构成特征。方法 回顾性收集某院泌尿外科良性前列腺增生行TURP患者的临床资料，采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析TURP术后尿路感染的危险因素，并分析患者尿标本中病原菌构成情况。结果 155例接受TURP患者中，24例患者（15.5%）发生术后尿路感染。单因素分析结果显示，尿路感染组与非感染组患者年龄、前列腺大小、术前留置导尿管，曾行泌尿道医疗操作、糖尿病史、电切镜鞘尺寸、手术时间和灌洗液温度各项比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，患者的年龄>65岁（OR=4.18，95% CI：1.19~14.75，P=0.026）、前列腺>55 g（OR=3.92，95% CI：1.11~13.83，P=0.034）、术前留置导尿管（OR=0.28，95% CI：0.11~0.70，P=0.006）、曾行泌尿道医疗操作（OR=4.70，95% CI：1.85~11.94，P=0.001）、有糖尿病史（OR=2.54，95% CI：1.00~6.48，P=0.050）、电切镜鞘尺寸26F（OR=9.05，95% CI：1.18~69.48，P=0.034）、手术时间>60 min（OR=10.48，95% CI：1.37~80.25，P=0.024）和灌洗液温度<37℃（OR=4.06，95% CI：1.57~10.50，P=0.004）是TURP术后尿路感染的独立危险因素。感染患者尿标本共检出病原菌23株，主要为革兰阴性菌（78.26%），其中大肠埃希菌占比达52.17%（12株）。结论 TURP术后尿路感染与手术时间、电切镜鞘尺寸、曾有泌尿道医疗操作、前列腺大小等相关，感染病原菌仍以大肠埃希菌为主，有效避免高危因素及合理预防性使用抗菌药物，可有助于预防TURP术后尿路感染的发生。     

术前白蛋白碱性磷酸酶比值对根治性膀胱切除术后总体生存期的影响

目的探讨术前白蛋白碱性磷酸酶比值(AAPR)与根治性膀胱切除术后患者总体生存期(OS)的关系。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2015年12月青岛大学附属医院收治的166例膀胱癌患者的临床病理资料。男148例,女18例。年龄(65.1±9.4)岁。伴高血压病31例、糖尿病14例。体质指数(BMI)(24.00±3.32)kg/m^2。肿瘤单发92例,多发74例。肿瘤直径<3 cm者43例,≥3 cm者123例。合并肾积水33例,无肾积水133例。术前AAPR(0.62±0.23)。根据AAPR的三分位点将患者分为低AAPR组55例,AAPR(0.42±0.09);中AAPR组55例,AAPR(0.58±0.05);高AAPR组56例,AAPR(0.86±0.21)。美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级1级4例,2级65例,3级86例,4级11例。根治术前患者均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术,病理诊断均为膀胱癌,高级别144例,低级别22例。166例均行根治性膀胱切除术,其中腹腔镜手术140例,开放手术26例。术中行输尿管皮肤造口55例,回肠代膀胱96例,回肠原位新膀胱15例。将AAPR连续性变量和AAPR分组作为原始模型,调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗的数据作为校准模型1,在校准模型1基础上增加BMI、肿瘤数目、病理等级的数据作为校准模型2。采用趋势性检验检测不同AAPR组间危险比(HR)变化趋势。分析不同因素分层的AAPR与OS的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线。采用基于广义相加模型的曲线拟合表示AAPR与OS的关系。结果本组166例中位随访63个月,生存95例,死亡71例。3年生存率为61%,5年生存率为50%。术后病理分期:T1期27例,T2期82例,T3期48例,T4期9例;N0期145例,N1期14例,N2期6例,N3期1例。术后52例行辅助化疗。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示,AAPR(HR=0.09,95%CI 0.022~0.391,P=0.001)、高AAPR组(HR=0.40,95%CI 0.216~0.742,P=0.003)、年龄(HR=2.42,95%CI 1.294~4.531,P=0.006)、肿瘤大小(HR=2.11,95%CI 1.112~4.014,P=0.023)、肿瘤数目(HR=0.62,95%CI 0.378~1.022,P=0.061)、pT3期(HR=8.93,95%CI 3.173~25.114,P<0.001)、pT4期(HR=10.39,95%CI 3.110~34.707,P<0.001)、N1期(HR=2.80,95%CI 1.422~5.531,P=0.003)、N3期(HR=17.06,95%CI 2.192~132.863,P=0.007)、病理分级(HR=0.30,95%CI 0.113~0.817,P=0.019)、肾积水(HR=2.36,95%CI 1.406~3.939,P=0.001)、术后辅助化疗(HR=2.66,95%CI 1.674~4.247,P<0.001)均与术后OS相关。调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗、BMI、肿瘤数目、病理分级后,Cox回归分析结果显示,与低AAPR组相比,高AAPR组的死亡风险降低约59%(HR=0.406,95%CI 0.200~0.822,P=0.012),AAPR每升高1个单位,死亡风险下降约80%(HR=0.199,95%CI 0.051~0.779,P=0.020)。趋势性检验结果显示,原始模型和校准模型中,AAPR不同分组间OS的HR下降趋势均有统计学意义(P=0.016),提示两者呈线性关系。调整年龄、肿瘤大小、pT分期、pN分期、肾积水、ASA分级、辅助化疗、BMI、肿瘤数目、病理分级后,曲线拟合图显示,AAPR与OS呈线性相关,随AAPR升高,术后死亡风险下降,OS延长。结论AAPR与膀胱肿瘤患者根治性膀胱切除术后的OS成线性相关,随AAPR升高,患者术后死亡风险下降,OS延长。